A dog should be reasonably active and in shape before a hike of any length. Regular long walks around the neighborhood will do the trick. Dogs should be checked by a vet before hiking as well, and have up-to-date shots. Heartworm preventive is a must in most areas, and mosquito repellent may be a good idea as well. There are types made especially for dogs, as brands for people may not be safe for dogs. Dogs can get sunburned, mainly on their ears, nose, and other areas with little hair. Regular human sunscreen will protect from sunburn. Any mosquito repellent or sunscreen should be tested on a small spot of the dog’s skin before using.
Other potential dangers to dogs include alligators and snakes. Hikers who stay on the trail - always a good practice anyway - are less likely to encounter snakes, and keeping a safe distance from bodies of water lessens the chances of run-ins with alligators.
Weather Hazards on the Trail
Summer weather dangers include flash floods, the number one weather-related killer in the US. Hikers need to check the weather forecast prior to heading out - the National Weather Service posts up-to-date reports by geographic location - and then pay attention to any changes in the weather once on the trail. In case of rain, hikers should move to high ground. Thunderstorms can produce lightning and tornadoes, both of which can be deadly. A sturdy, completely enclosed building provides the best shelter.
Dogs at Risk of Heat Stroke
Heat may be the biggest hazard of summer hiking, for man and dog. Dogs can die of heat stroke, most commonly caused by overexertion. In hot weather, hikers should avoid mid-day activity, rest often in the shade, and carry plenty of water for themselves and their dog. Signs that a dog may be overheated include the tongue hanging out farther than usual, aggressive panting, or red eyes and ears. A dog that stumbles, throws up, falls down, or doesn’t want to walk may be suffering heat exhaustion, one step away from heat stroke. Dogs with these symptoms need treatment from a veterinarian. Placing wet towels or pouring water over the dog’s body helps cool him down, as will putting him in a tub of cool water or hosing him off.
In addition to panting, dogs cool off by dissipating heat through the pads of their feet. Walking on hot surfaces, therefore, can cause a dog to overheat. Trimming excess fur from a dog’s feet can help keep her cool.
Essential Gear for Hiking with Dogs
Dogs can carry their own gear with backpacks made especially for them. Essentials to pack include water (not all natural water is safe for dogs to drink), water bowl, food, basic first aid supplies, collar and leash, and ID tags. Plastic bags for disposing of dog waste are a must, as dog waste is not part of the natural environment and contains harmful bacteria. Dog booties come in handy on harsh surfaces, and will also keep a bandage in place if the dog injures a paw. Dog backpacks and booties are available at REI stores, some pet stores, and from Planet Dog. Dogs should be introduced to wearing a backpack and booties before going on a hike.
Human hikers need to carry sun protection; emergency shelter, such as a rain poncho or space blanket; a flashlight; matches and fire starter, such as cotton balls covered in petroleum jelly; and first aid supplies. A map and navigation aids, either compass or GPS, are also essential.
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